Name of theory: Stages of Cognitive Development
Description of theory: Piaget believed that all people pass thought the same four stages of cognitive development.
Stage
Approximate Age
Characteristics
Sensorimotor
0-2
Learns through reflexes, senses, and movement-actions on the environment
Preoperational
2-7
Develops language and begins to use symbols to represent objects
Concrete Operational
7-11
Can think logically about concrete problems
Formal Operational
Adolescence to Adulthood
Can think hypothetically and deductively
2. Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
Name of theory: Sociocultural Theory of Development Description of theory: Every function in a child’s cultural development appears twice: first on the social level and later on the individual level; first between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).
Name of theory: The Zone of Proximal Development Description of theory: There are certain problems that a child is on the verge of being able to solve. The child just needs some structure, clues, reminders, help with remembering details or steps, encouragement to keep trying, and so on.
Part One: Human development is the orderly adaptive changes we go through between birth and death. There is physical development which is changes in the body structure. A change in an individual’s personality would be personal development. Social development refers to changes in the way someone relates to others. And the last kind of development relates to changes in thinking, reasoning, and decision making which is cognitive development. There is still a debate whether human development is a gradual, continuous change or if it is a discontinuity change.
Part Two: When studying human development it is important to look at the functions of the brain. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging helps show how blood inside the brain flows when someone does different cognitive tasks. The brain contains billions of neurons which have dendrites that bring in messages and an axon that sounds out the messages. There is a coating on axon neuron fibers with an insulated fatty glial covering that influences learning and thinking which is called myelination. As you get older the brain increases one’s abilities to control their behavior in low-stress and high stress situations.
Part Three: Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who studied the thinking behind why students gave wrong answers to a question. Piaget believed that all people pass through the same four stages as they grow. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage which is when a child is born to about 2 and they learn through reflexes, senses and movement. The next stage is where children up to the age of 7 develop language and begins to use symbols to represent objects which is called the preoperational stage. Concrete operational is when first graders to 11 year olds can think logically about hands-on problems. The last stage is adolescence to adulthood where they can think hypothetically and deductively. These four stages of cognitive development began to map out the development of children.
Practical Applications: Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Active Learning:
Piaget believed that learning is an active process, and that learners construct their own understanding. In order to remember the material, they must "act" upon what they have been taught and their experiences, in order to "file" the information in the correct schemes. This is done at all age and education levels by having the student act on what they have learned, like manipulating an object,observing, or talking/writing about it. This makes the material/experiences concrete, and easier to file away and retrieve.
Idea Two:
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Idea Three:
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Licensure Exam (Connect and Extend to Praxis II): Connection One:
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Table of Contents
Chapter Outline
Key Terms
http://quizlet.com/35149582/eductional-psychology-chapter-7-terms-flash-cards/(back to top)
Key Theorists
1. Jean Piaget
Name of theory: Stages of Cognitive Development
Description of theory: Piaget believed that all people pass thought the same four stages of cognitive development.
2. Lev Semenovich Vygotsky
Name of theory: Sociocultural Theory of Development
Description of theory: Every function in a child’s cultural development appears twice: first on the social level and later on the individual level; first between people (interpsychological) and then inside the child (intrapsychological).
Name of theory: The Zone of Proximal Development
Description of theory: There are certain problems that a child is on the verge of being able to solve. The child just needs some structure, clues, reminders, help with remembering details or steps, encouragement to keep trying, and so on.
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Summary of Chapter
Part One:Human development is the orderly adaptive changes we go through between birth and death. There is physical development which is changes in the body structure. A change in an individual’s personality would be personal development. Social development refers to changes in the way someone relates to others. And the last kind of development relates to changes in thinking, reasoning, and decision making which is cognitive development. There is still a debate whether human development is a gradual, continuous change or if it is a discontinuity change.
Part Two:
When studying human development it is important to look at the functions of the brain. Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging helps show how blood inside the brain flows when someone does different cognitive tasks. The brain contains billions of neurons which have dendrites that bring in messages and an axon that sounds out the messages. There is a coating on axon neuron fibers with an insulated fatty glial covering that influences learning and thinking which is called myelination. As you get older the brain increases one’s abilities to control their behavior in low-stress and high stress situations.
Part Three:
Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist who studied the thinking behind why students gave wrong answers to a question. Piaget believed that all people pass through the same four stages as they grow. The first stage is the sensorimotor stage which is when a child is born to about 2 and they learn through reflexes, senses and movement. The next stage is where children up to the age of 7 develop language and begins to use symbols to represent objects which is called the preoperational stage. Concrete operational is when first graders to 11 year olds can think logically about hands-on problems. The last stage is adolescence to adulthood where they can think hypothetically and deductively. These four stages of cognitive development began to map out the development of children.
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Key Concepts
Concept One: [insert name]Description of concept: [insert]
Concept Two: [insert name]
Description of concept: [insert]
Concept Three: [insert name]
Description of concept: [insert]
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Application for Teachers
Practical Applications:Piaget's Theory of Cognitive Development and Active Learning:
Piaget believed that learning is an active process, and that learners construct their own understanding. In order to remember the material, they must "act" upon what they have been taught and their experiences, in order to "file" the information in the correct schemes. This is done at all age and education levels by having the student act on what they have learned, like manipulating an object,observing, or talking/writing about it. This makes the material/experiences concrete, and easier to file away and retrieve.
Idea Two:
[insert]
Idea Three:
[insert]
Licensure Exam (Connect and Extend to Praxis II):
Connection One:
[insert]
Connection Two:
[insert]
Connection Three:
[insert]
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Applications for Content
Application One:Science and the biology of the brain.
Application Two: Infant's understanding of finding objects
Application Three: Child's connection and learning to the world around them
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